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      • Insurance Needs in Retirement

      Insurance Needs in Retirement

      Retirement
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      Insights from experienced financial professionals.

      Your goals and priorities will probably change as you plan to retire. Along with them, your insurance needs may change as well. Retirement is typically a good time to review the different parts of your insurance program and make any changes that might be needed.

      Stay well with good health insurance

      After you retire, you'll probably focus more on your health than ever before. Staying healthy is your goal, and that may require more visits to the doctor for preventive tests and routine checkups. There's also a chance that your health will decline as you grow older, increasing your need for costly prescription drugs and medical treatments. All of this can add up to substantial medical bills after you've left the workforce (and probably lost your employer's health benefits). You need health insurance that meets both your needs and your budget.

      Fortunately, you'll get some help from Uncle Sam. You typically become eligible for Medicare coverage at the same time you become eligible for Social Security retirement benefits. Premium-free Medicare Part A covers inpatient hospital care, while Medicare Part B (for which you'll pay a premium) covers physician care, laboratory tests, physical therapy, and other medical expenses. But don't expect Medicare to cover everything after you retire. For instance, you'll have to pay a large deductible and make co-payments for certain types of care. Medicare prescription drug coverage is only available through a managed care plan (a Medicare Advantage plan), or through a Medicare prescription drug plan offered by a private company or insurer (premiums apply).

      To supplement Medicare, you may want to purchase a Medigap policy. These policies are specifically designed to fill the holes in Medicare's coverage. Though Medigap policies are sold by private insurance companies, they must follow federal and state laws. There are 10 standard Medigap plans, except for plans in Massachusetts, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, which are standardized in a different way. Generally, all of these plans provide certain core benefits, and all but one offer combinations of additional benefits. Be sure to look at both cost and benefits when choosing a plan.

      What if you're retiring early and won't be eligible for Medicare for a number of years? If you're lucky, your employer may give you a retirement package that includes health benefits at least until Medicare kicks in. If not, you may be able to continue your employer's coverage at your own expense through COBRA. But this is only a short-term solution, because COBRA coverage typically lasts only 18 months. Another option is to buy an individual policy. You can shop for health insurance through a state or federal health insurance Marketplace, where you can compare plans as to coverages offered and cost. You may also be able to lower the cost of your insurance coverage if you qualify for a premium subsidy.

      Don't overlook long-term care insurance

      If you're able to stay healthy and active throughout your life, you may never need to enter a nursing home or receive at-home care. But the fact is, many people aged 65 and older will require some type of long-term care during their lives. And that number is likely to go up in future years because people are increasingly living longer. On top of that, long-term care is expensive. You should be prepared in case you do need long-term care at some point.

      Unfortunately, Medicare provides very limited coverage for long-term care. You may be covered for a short-term nursing home stay immediately following hospitalization, but that's about it. Other government and military-sponsored programs may help foot the bill, but generally only if you meet strict eligibility requirements. For example, Medicaid requires that you exhaust most of your assets before you can qualify for long-term care benefits. Even a good private health insurance policy will not offer much coverage for long-term care. But most long-term care insurance (LTCI) policies will.

      LTCI is sold by private insurance companies and typically covers skilled, intermediate, and custodial care in a nursing home. Most policies also cover home care services and care in a community-based setting (e.g., an assisted-living facility). This type of insurance can be a cost-effective way to protect yourself against long-term care costs--the key is to buy a policy when you're still relatively young (most companies won't sell you a policy if you're under age 40). If you wait until you're older or ill, LTCI may be unavailable or much more expensive.

      Weigh your need for life insurance

      If you're married, you want to make sure that your spouse will have enough money when you die. You may also have children and other heirs you want to take care of. Life insurance can be one way to accomplish these goals, but several questions arise as you near retirement. Should you keep that existing policy in place? If so, should you change the coverage amount? What if you don't have any life insurance because you lost your group coverage at work (though some employers let you keep the coverage at your own expense)? Should you go out and buy some? The answers depend largely on your particular circumstances.

      Your life insurance needs may not be as great during retirement because your financial picture may have improved. When you're working and raising a family, the loss of your job income could be devastating. You often need life insurance to replace that income, meet your outstanding debts (e.g., your mortgage, car loans, credit cards), and fund your kids' college education in case something happens to you. But after you retire, there's usually no significant job income to protect. Plus, your kids may be grown and most of your debts paid off. You may even be financially secure enough to provide for your loved ones without insurance.

      It may make sense to go without life insurance in these cases, especially if you have term life insurance and your premium has increased dramatically. But what if you still have financial obligations and few assets of your own? Or what if you're looking for a way to pay your estate tax bill? Then you may want to keep your coverage in force (or buy coverage, if you have none). If you need life insurance but not as much as you have now, you can always lower your coverage amount. It's best to talk to a professional before making any decisions. He or she can help you weigh your needs against the cost of coverage.

      Take a look at your auto and homeowners policies

      If you stay in your home after you retire, your homeowners insurance needs may not change much. But you should still review your liability coverage to make sure it's sufficient to protect your assets. If you're liable for an accident on or off your premises, claims against you for medical bills and other expenses can be substantial. For additional protection, you might consider buying an umbrella liability policy. It's also a good idea to review the coverage you have on your home itself and the property inside it. Finally, if you plan to buy a second home, find out if your insurer will cover both homes and give you a discount on your premium.

      Auto insurance raises some similar issues. Review your policy to make sure your coverage limits are high enough in each area. Again, having the right amount of liability coverage is especially important--you don't want your assets to be put at risk if you cause an auto accident that injures other people or damages property. Weigh your need for any coverages that are optional in your state. Finally, look into ways to save on your premium now that you're retired (e.g., discounts for low annual mileage or senior driving courses).

       

      This article was prepared by Broadridge.

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      Key Financial Terms

      Alpha
      Alpha is a coefficient that measures risk-adjusted performance, factoring in the risk due to the specific security rather than the overall market. A high value for alpha implies that the stock or mutual fund has performed better than would have been expected given its beta (volatility).

      Bond
      A bond is evidence of a debt in which the issuer of the bond promises to pay the bondholders a specified amount of interest and to repay the principal at maturity. Bonds are usually issued in multiples of $1,000.

      Commodity
      A commodity is a physical substance or raw material, which is interchangeable with another product of the same type and which investors buy or sell, usually through future contracts. The price of the commodity is subject to supply and demand.

      Derivatives
      Derivatives are financial products, such as futures contracts, options or mortgage-backed securities. Most of derivatives’ value is based on the value of an underlying security, commodity or other financial instrument.

      Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF)
      An exchange-traded fund (ETF) is a marketable security that tracks a stock index, a commodity, bonds or a basket of assets. ETFs differ from mutual funds because shares trade like common stock on an exchange. The price of an ETF’s- shares will change throughout the day as they are bought and sold.

      Futures Contract
      A futures contract is a standardized, transferable, exchange-traded contract that requires delivery of a commodity, bond, currency, or stock index at a specified price, on a specified future date. Unlike options, futures convey an obligation to buy. The risk to the holder is unlimited and because the payoff pattern is symmetrical, the risk to the seller is unlimited as well.

      Generation-Skipping Trust
      A generation-skipping trust is a type of legally binding trust agreement in which assets are passed down to the grantor’s grandchildren, not the grantor’s children. The grantor’s children skip the opportunity to receive the assets to avoid the estate taxes that would apply if the assets were transferred to them.

      Hedge Fund
      A hedge fund is an alternative investment that uses pooled funds that employ numerous different strategies to earn alpha for their investors. Hedge funds may be aggressively managed or make use of derivatives and leverage in both domestic and international markets with the goal of generating high returns. Hedge funds are generally only accessible to accredited investors as they require less SEC regulations other than funds.

      IRA
      A traditional IRA is a retirement account in which contributions are deductible from earned income in the calculation of federal and state income taxes if the taxpayer meets certain requirements. The earnings accumulate tax deferred until withdrawn, and then the entire withdrawal is taxed as ordinary income. Individuals not eligible to make deductible contributions may make nondeductible contributions, the earnings on which would be tax deferred.

      Joint Tenancy
      Joint tenancy refers to co-ownership of property by two or more people in which the survivor(s) automatically assumes ownership of a decedent’s interest.

      Key Rate
      The key rate is the specific interest rate that determines bank lending rates and the cost of credit for borrowers. The two key interest rates in the United States are the discount rate and the Federal Funds rate.

      Lump-Sum Distribution
      A lump-sum distribution is the disbursement of the entire value of an employer-sponsored retirement plan, pension plan, annuity or similar account to the account owner or beneficiary. Lump-sum distributions may be rolled over into another tax-deferred account.

      Mutual Fund
      A mutual fund is a collection of stocks, bonds, or other securities purchased and managed by an investment company with funds from a group of investors. The return and principal value fluctuate with changes in market conditions. It’s important to consider investment objectives, risks, charges and expenses carefully before investing.

      Net Asset Value
      Net asset value is the per-share value of a mutual fund’s current holdings. It is calculated by dividing the net market value of the fund’s assets by the number of outstanding shares.

      Options
      Options are financial derivatives sold by an option writer to an option buyer. The contract offers the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy (call option) or sell (put option) the underlying asset at an agreed-upon price during a certain period of time or on a specific date. The agreed upon price is called the strike price.

      Price/Earnings Ratio
      P/E ratio is the market price of a stock divided by the company’s annual earnings per share. Because the P/E ratio is a widely regarded yardstick for investors, it often appears with stock price quotations.

      Qualified Retirement Plan
      A qualified retirement plan is a pension, profit-sharing plan or qualified savings plan established by an employer for the benefit of its employees. These plans must be established in conformance with IRS rules. Contributions accumulate tax deferred until withdrawn and are deductible to the employer as a current business expense.

      Risk Averse
      Risk averse refers to the assumption that rational investors will choose the security with the least risk if they can maintain the same return. As the level of risk goes up, so does the expected return on the investment.

      Security
      A security is evidence of an investment, either in direct ownership (as with stocks), creditorship (as with bonds), or indirect ownership (as with options).

      Trust
      A trust is a legal entity created by an individual in which one person or institution holds the right to manage property or assets for the benefit of someone else. Types of trusts include: testamentary trust, which is established by a will that takes effect upon death; a living trust, which is created by a person during his or her lifetime; a revocable trust; and an irrevocable trust, which is a trust that may not be modified or terminated by the trustor after its creation.

      Unconventional Cash Flow
      Unconventional cash flow is a series of inward and outward cash flows over time in which there is more than one change in the cash flow direction. This contrasts with a conventional cash flow, where there is only one change in cash flow direction.

      Volatility
      Volatility refers to the range of price swings of a security market over time.

      Withdrawal Penalty
      A withdrawal penalty is a penalty incurred by an individual for early withdrawal from an account locked in for a stated period, as in a time deposit at a financial institution, or for withdrawals subject to penalties by law, such as from an IRA.

      X
      X is the fifth letter of a Nasdaq stock symbol and indicates the listing is a mutual fund.

      Yield
      Yield is the amount of current income provided by an investment. For stocks, the yield is calculated by dividing the total of the annual dividends by the current price. For bonds, the yield is calculated by dividing the annual interest by the current price. The yield is distinguished from the return, which includes price appreciation or depreciation.

      Zero-Cost Strategy
      Zero-cost strategy refers to a trading or business decision that does not entail any expense to execute. A zero-cost strategy costs a business or individual nothing while at the same time improves operations, makes processes more efficient or serves to reduce future expenses. As a practice, a zero-cost strategy may be applied in a number of contexts to improve the performance of an asset.

       

       

      Source: The ABCs of Financial Terminology by LPL Financial